Budbreak: Late

Diseases: Very sensitive to powdery mildew, downy mildew, botrytis, and grape berry moth.

Characteristics: It is a vigorous variety whose upright growth without a trellis. If it is cane rather than spur pruned, special care must be taken to avoid avercropping.

Production: Production varies from quite low on the hills to very high in the fertile plains, and the wine quality varies accordingly. The wine grown on slopes with lower yields have good body, color and character with a characteristic harshness and astringency diminishing with age. Those grown on the high yielding plains are of lesser quality.

Maturity: Late